How is exposure to phosgene diagnosed?
Phosgene exposure is diagnosed by recognizing the signs and symptoms (eye and airway irritation, difficulty breathing, chest tightness, and delayed pulmonary edema).
What is the treatment for phosgene exposure?
There is no specific antidote for phosgene. Decontaminating all exposed areas is the most effective means of decreasing tissue damage.
Cyanide
Cyanide is a colorless liquid that prevents cells from using oxygen, which results in death. Inhalation is the primary mode of exposure.
What are the health effects of cyanide exposure?
Cyanide in moderate amounts may produce headache, nausea, dizziness, weakness, or anxiety. A large amount of cyanide will produce loss of consciousness within seconds, and death may occur within minutes.
How is exposure to cyanide diagnosed?
Cyanide exposure is diagnosed by the clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of inadequate oxygen.
What is the treatment for cyanide exposure?
Successful treatment for acute cyanide poisoning depends upon rapid treatment with oxygen and the use of antidotes (amyl nitrite, sodium thiosulfate, and sodium nitrite). For more information on cyanide, consult ATSDR ToxFAQs:
www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html
Chlorine
Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas with an irritating odor.
What are the health effects of exposure to chlorine?
Chlorine is a potent irritant to the eyes and skin. Exposure also causes severe pulmonary irritation that may result in death. Chlorine exposure is difficult to diagnose.
What is the treatment for chlorine exposure?
There is no specific antidote. Remove from the source and provide fresh air. If eyes or skin were exposed, rinse them with plenty of water. Provide oxygen if there is shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing. For more information on chlorine, consult ATSDR ToxFAQs:
www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html
